What's Inspected / Reported?

The short answer is everything I can get to.
The major items include:

Exterior: Siding, windows, roofing, decks, porches, grading, retaining walls, driveways, walks, patios.

Structure: From the foundation to the roof.

Garage: Structure, wall and roof coverings, electrical, doors, automatic openers and fire-wall separations.

Plumbing: Interior water supply piping, waste, vent and drain piping, floor drains, drain tile systems, water heaters. Carbon monoxide safety check on gas burning water heaters. Element and thermostat amp draw checks on electric water heaters. Water softeners are checked to see if they are providing soft water.
All water realted fixtures and appliances are checked / operated, with the exception of drinking water filter systems.

Heating: Heating systems and distribution systems,  including space heaters / unit heaters, underfloor heat.  Carbon monoxide safety check on gas burning heaters. Presence of heat sources in finished rooms, chimney condition, operational check of electronic zone dampers, filter systems, air exchanger systems.

Cooling: Temperature differentail on central AC units, and through wall units - weather pemitting. Must be a minumum of 65 degress exterior for previous 24 hours.

Electrical: Visible wiring, accessable outlets, switches and fixtures, covers removed and interiors of all electrical panels inspected for proper fusing, grounding, bonding and wire installation.  

Interior: Walls, ceilings, floors, doors, windows, cabinets, counters, stairs. I do not comment on cosmetic issues. Condition and cleanliness are personal opinions. You don't need me to tell you if the carpet is dirty, or the wood floors need refinishing.

Insulation and ventilation: Types and amount. Attic inspected for condition and leaks.

See also ASHI Standards of Practice